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Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatic encephalopathy is due to rise in ammonia levels in blood Etiopathogenesis : Increased ammonia level in blood (Most important)…
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Management of Fibroids
Management of fibroids includes investigations and treatmentInvestigations•Hb, blood group•Ultrasound: location, size, number,for follow up of fibroids after menopause and during…
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Clinical features and complications of Fibroids
Clinical features of uterine fibroids include :Symptoms-About 50% fibroids are asymptomatic-Menorrhagia, polymenorrhea, metrorrhagia, continuous bleeding. postmenopausal bleeding-infertility-Pregnancy complications: recurrent abortions,…
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Fibroids anatomy, types and Etiology
Fibroids are also called myoma/leiomyoma/fibromyoma Features of fibroids: -Benign smooth muscle tumour of the Uterus -Estrogen dependent -Whorled appearance -Pearly…
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Misplaced IUCD
It is a condition when the tail of the IUCD is not seen through the os. Causes: 1.uterus has enlarged…
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Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
IUCD is a device made of polyethylene which is impregnated with barium sulphate (which is radiopaque) so that the presence…
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Natural contraception
Natural contraception includes: 1.Rhythm method it is based on identification of fertile period during a cycle and to abstain from…
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Contraception Methods
Methods of contraception include: Temporary: used to postpone or space births. Include: 1.Barrier methods 2.Natural contraception 3.Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD)…
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Objectives of Contraception and Ideal contraceptive
Contraception – It includes all measures temporary or permanent, designed to prevent pregnancy due to the coital act. Objectives of…
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Acute pancreatitis – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology
https://youtu.be/KvYRfJLdbM0 Causes of Acute Pancreatitis: I: idiopathic G: gallstones E: ethanol (alcohol) T: trauma S: steroids M: mumps (and other…
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Cholesterol synthesis
Features of cholesterol synthesisAcetate of acetyl CoA provides all carbonsReducing equivalents are supplied by NADPH and ATP provides energyFor producing…
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Radioisotopes
WHAT ARE ISOTOPES Elements with same atomic number (SAN) but different atomic weights (DAW). TYPES OF ISOTOPES There are two…
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Genetic code
Central Dogma Of Protein Synthesis: (By Crick)DNA↓m-RNA↓Protein Genetic Code: Dictionary of nucleotide base combinations which determine sequence of amino acids in proteins. Codon: …
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Chemical carcinogens
Responsible for 80% of all cancersOrganic: Dimethyl benzanthracene, Benzo(a)pyreneInorganic: Arsenic, Cadmium MECHANISM OF ACTION Direct actingIndirectly acting:Procarcinogen → Ultimate carcinogen…
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Right Atrium
CONTENTS Position of right atriumExternal featuresInternal features POSITION It is the upper right chamber of heart.It forms the right border,…
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Left Coronary artery
ORIGIN Left posterior aortic sinus of ascending aorta. COURSE Posterior aortic sinusForward Pulmonary trunk Left Left auricle BRANCHES ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR BRANCH⇒ Septal…
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Arch of Aorta
The ascending aorta extends itself as the arch of aorta at sternal angle and it further extends itself as descending…
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Conjugation
First, let us learn what is metabolism of xenobiotics..Detoxification – The series of biochemical reactions occurring in the body…
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