Neonatal Meningitis Common in neonates and infants because of poor immunity. COMMON ORGANISMS Neonates (upto 28 days): E.coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas 3 months to 3 years: Hemophilus influenzae, S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis Beyond 3 years: S. pneumoniae, N. meningitis RISK FACTORS FOR NEONATAL MENINGITIS Low birth weight Prematurity Complicated labour Prolonged rupture of membranes Maternal …
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Enuresis denotes normal urinary bladder emptying at a wrong place and time at least twice a month after the age of 5 years. Nocturnal enuresis refers to bedwetting. More common in boys. ETIOLOGY : Psychologic : family conflicts and maladjustment (strict parents,sibling rivalry) Physical : Anatomic defects, genitourinary infection, threadworm infection Too late, too early, …
Common in children below 5 years of age. DEFINITION It is the persistent ingestion of non nutritive substances (plaster, charcoal, paint, earth) For at least 1 month In a manner that is inappropriate for the developmental level Is not a part of culturally sanctioned practice Is sufficiently severe to warrant independent clinical attention FACTORS THAT …
Reflexive events initiated by provocative events that lead to anger, frustration or pain that cause a child to cry. • Rare before 6 months of age, • Peak at 2 years • Disappear by 5 years Manifestation : 1.Crying stops at full expiration 2.Child becomes apneic 3.Becomes cyanotic or pale 4.May lose consciousness, become hypotonic …
Ovulation occurs because of LH surge. Onset of LH surge to ovulation – 36hrs Onset of LH peak to ovulation – 12hrs Diagnosis of ovulation :- Conclusive – pregnancy Direct – laparoscopy Indirect :- 1) Ultrasonography – collapsed follicles and fluid in pouch of douglas 2) Vaginal cytology – maturation index shifts to left 3) …
A- Aspiration with ryle’s tube B- Blood grouping and cross matching and Blood transfusion if needed. C- Charts (pulse, temperature, BP, respiration, urinary output) D- Drugs (prophylactic antibiotics and drugs specific for the condition) E- Exploratory laparotomy F- Fluids –Vishal Jha
The etiology and risk factors for both Ca colon and CA rectum are same. Etiology ☹- SADS- smokingA- alcoholD- dietary factors (red meat is bad, fibre is good) Risk factors Familial polyposis coliIBD – ulcerative colitisAdenomatous polypColorectal family Old age ,obese and lack of physical activity predispose to cancer colon and rectum Apart from these …
Aetiology and risk factors for Ca colon and CA rectum Read More »
Glomerular causes :- Post infectious glomerulonephritis IgA nephropathy Henoch-schonlein nephritis Membranoproliferative GN Rapidly progressive GN Uncommon glomerular causes Lupus nephritis. Other vasculitides -microscopic polyangiitis. Familial benign hematuria. Alport syndrome. Non glomerular causes Hypercalciuria. Renal calculi Urinary tract infection Cystic renal disease Hemorrhagic cystitis Trauma, exercise Interstitial nephritis Uncommon non glomerular causes Vascular malformations Coagulation disorders …